When do you need to pass laboratory tests?

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Laboratory analyzes allow to examine human biomaterial (blood, urine, feces) in order to diagnose the state of health and detect diseases in the early stages. You can take tests independently for preventive purposes (to assess the functioning of internal organs and systems), as well as by doctor’s appointment (to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment). Who needs to take blood tests? Since blood passes through all organs and systems, its research allows you to assess the current state of health and identify malfunctions in the body. Blood tests should be taken in case of deterioration of well-being: drowsiness, increased fatigue, weakness. Indications for a blood test: acute respiratory diseases (influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus); signs of intoxication (nausea, vomiting, muscle pain); digestive disorders (diarrhea, constipation); increase or decrease in blood pressure; arrhythmia, heart pain. A general blood test shows the presence of inflammation in the body, anemia, signs of bacterial and viral infection. Biochemical indicators of blood make it possible to reveal the functional state of internal organs and the failure of metabolic processes in the body. Hormone analysis is prescribed for problems with the reproductive system (infertility, miscarriage), menstrual dysfunctions (irregularity or absence of periods) and sexual disorders (decrease in libido, erectile dysfunction). Analysis of vitamins and minerals is necessary in the case of deterioration of the condition of hair, skin and nails and when planning a pregnancy in order to prevent pathologies of fetal development. Indications for the determination of tumor markers can be a sharp change in weight, loss of appetite, pain of various localization, and an increase in body temperature. The study can be carried out for self-monitoring (if relatives have a history of oncology). Preoperative blood tests allow predicting the appearance of pathological conditions, which is important before surgery. Mandatory tests before surgery include a general blood test, coagulogram (blood coagulation test), tests for hepatitis B, C and syphilis. Allergy tests show the presence of specific immunoglobulins to individual allergens. Allergy is manifested by runny nose, rashes on the skin, digestive disorders. When should a urine test be performed? Laboratory analyzes of urine allow to detect bacteria, salts, enzymes in it, to determine the presence of by-products (for example, protein, glucose, leukocytes, erythrocytes), which makes it possible to evaluate metabolism. Indications for urine analysis: pain in the kidney area; urination disorder (morbid, complicated, frequent); diabetes. Examination of urine shows infections and inflammation of the urinary system, allows to diagnose cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis. A general urinalysis is mandatory during pregnancy to assess the condition of the kidneys. What are the symptoms to pass stool tests? Fecal analyzes are necessary for the detection of gastroenterological diseases. Symptoms for which a stool analysis should be performed: aching, sharp or pulling pains in the abdomen; nausea and vomiting; prolonged diarrhea or frequent constipation; blood, mucus, or pus in the stool. Fecal analysis shows pathologies and infections of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis). To establish a diagnosis, the gastroenterologist will refer to instrumental studies (gastroscopy, ultrasound of the abdominal organs). Depending on the symptoms, the doctor can prescribe specific tests. Types of stool tests: coprogram (general stool analysis); Helicobacter analysis; tests for worms. The coprogram shows intestinal dysbacteriosis and the presence of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Analysis for worms allows you to detect parasites (helminths, giardia, protozoa). Timely detection of helicobacter infection can prevent the development of peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum. In what cases is STD testing necessary? The main way STDs are transmitted is through unprotected sex. It is necessary to take tests for venereal diseases in case of pain, itching and burning in the genital area, unusual discharge from the vagina or urethra, rashes on the genitals, as well as pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. For prevention, tests for STDs should be taken once a year if there is more than one sexual partner. To determine sexual infections in women, a microscopic examination is usually used – a smear from the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervical canal. In men, a scraping from the urethra is used to detect STDs. Preparation for tests Proper preparation for laboratory tests is important for obtaining reliable results. Preparation for donating venous blood includes: taking blood strictly on an empty stomach (abstaining from eating for eight to ten hours before the analysis, breast-feeding children must withstand a break between feedings of three to four hours); exclusion from the diet of fatty, fried and spicy food a day before the study; refraining from alcoholic beverages 24 hours before the analysis, smoking – for one hour; limitation of physical and emotional overloads a day before blood donation. It is necessary to warn the doctor about taking medical drugs (hormonal contraceptives, anticoagulants) and biological supplements, because they can affect the results of the tests. On the day of biomaterial collection, you can drink up to 200 ml of clean still water. Urine collection for analysis is carried out in the morning, biomaterial is collected in a special sterile container. Preparation for urine analysis: toilet of the external genitalia without the use of hygiene products; refusal of alcohol and heavy food one or two days before the analysis; exclusion from the diet of foods that can change the color of urine (for example, beets, carrots) three days before the analysis. To collect urine for analysis from children, you can use a pot that has been washed without chemicals. The container with urine must be delivered to the laboratory within two hours. For stool analysis, it is necessary to collect 20 grams (approximately a teaspoon) of feces in a sterile container. Biomaterial collection is carried out during morning defecation. Before collecting feces for analysis, it is not allowed to take laxatives and use enemas.

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